Tom's behavior of backing up his data to a second hard drive is an example of "negative reinforcement by avoidance".
Negative reinforcement happens when the rate of a behavior is watched to increase following the evacuation of a stimuli. The terminationor expulsion of an aversive stimulus is probably going to expand the target behavior.
Negative reinforcement is likewise connected with escape or avoidance behaviors. The target behavior increments so as to escape or avoid the possible aversive outcomes.
